The following is a glossary of terms used throughout the site:

Breccia
A rock dominated with angular fragments within a finer-grained matrix.

Carbon-in-Leach
A process used to recover dissolved gold from cyanide leach solution after heap leaching.  The cyanide dissolves the gold from the ore into a solution and the gold is adsorbed onto the carbon after separating the waste from the pregnant solution.

Resin-in-Pulp
Similar to carbon-in-leach process, but initially the slurry is subjected to cyanide leaching in separate tanks followed by carbon-in-pulp. Carbon-in-leach is a simultaneous process.

Cyanidation
A method of extracting gold or silver by dissolving it in a weak cyanide solution.

Dilution
The effect of waste or low-grade ore being included unavoidably in the mined ore, lowering the recovered grade.

Doré
Unrefined gold and silver bullion bars, which will be further refined to almost pure metal.

Grade
The amount of valuable metal in each tonne of ore, expressed as grams per tonne for precious metals. Cut-off grade - is the minimum metal grade at which a tonne of rock can be processed on an economic basis.
Recovered grade - is actual metal realized by the metallurgical process and treatment of ore, based on actual experience or laboratory testing.
Reserve grade - is the estimated mass weighted average metal content of an ore body, based on reserve calculations.

Heap leaching
A process whereby gold is extracted by “heaping” broken ore on sloping impermeable pads and repeatedly spraying the heaps with a weak cyanide solution which dissolves the gold content. The gold-laden solution is collected for gold recovery.

Mill
A plant where ore is ground fine and undergoes physical or chemical treatment to extract the valuable metals.

Mineralised material
Mineralised material is the projection of mineralisation in rock based on geological evidence and assumed continuity. It may or may not be supported by sampling but is supported by geological, geochemical, geophysical or other data. This material may or may not have economically recoverable mineralisation.

Ore
Rock, generally containing metallic and non-metallic minerals that can be mined and processed at a profit.

Recovery
A term used in process metallurgy to indicate the proportion of valuable material obtained in the processing of an ore. It is generally stated as a percentage of valuable metal in the ore that is recovered compared to the total valuable metal present in the ore.

Refining
The final stage of metal production in which impurities are removed from the molten metal.

Reserves
Mineral Resource: A mineral resource is a concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material in or on the Earth’s crust in such form or quantity and of such grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a mineral resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. Mineral resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into inferred, indicated and measured categories: An inferred mineral resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonable assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.

The Group has all of its assets in Russia and hence reports total reserves and resources under the Russian code of classification.

Sedimentary rock
Rocks formed from material derived generally by erosion of other rocks and laid down by a chemical or mechanical process i.e., limestone, shale and sandstone.

Stockpile
Broken ore heaped on surface or prepared areas underground, pending treatment or shipment.

Tailings
The material that remains after all metals considered economic have been removed from ore during milling.